Islamic calligraphy is the artistic practice of handwriting and calligraphy based upon the alphabet in the lands sharing a common Islamic cultural heritage.

The Arabic script was evolved probably by the 6th century CE from Nabatean, a dialect of Aramaic current in northern Arabia. The earliest surviving examples of Arabic before Islam are inscriptions on stone.

https://www.britannica.com/art/calligraphy/Arabic-calligraphy

Calligraphy is the most highly regarded and fundamental element of Islamic art. Inherent within the Arabic script is the potential for developing a variety of ornamental forms.

https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/cali/hd_cali.htm

The Islamic prophet Muhammad is related to have said: "The first thing God created was the pen."

Islamic calligraphy is not limited to strictly religious subjects, objects, or spaces. It encompasses a diverse array of works created in a wide variety of contexts. It reflects the centrality of the notion of writing and written text in Islam. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_calligraphy

There are a number of different script styles in Islamic calligraphy.

The instrument that people use to write calligraphy is called “qalam” ‘Quill Pen’.